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List of audio books by Fyodor Dostoyevsky:
- Notes from the Undergroun, Part2, Chapter 7 - by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
- Notes from the Underground, by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
- Notes from the Underground, by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Part 2, Chapters 4-6
- Notes from the Underground, Part 1, Chapters 1-3, by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
- Notes from the Underground, Part 1, Chapters 10-11, by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
- Notes from the Underground, Part 1, Chapters 4-6, by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
Biography of Fyodor Dostoyevsky
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (Russian language, Russian: Фёдор Миха́йлович Достое́вский, International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA: , every so often Transliteration of Russian into English, transliterated Dostoyevsky ) ( – ) is considered sudden anecdote of the greatest Russian literature, Russian writers. Good book writer. His essential pl. get had a perfect and everlasting execute on twentieth-century preparatory brochures.
Dostoevsky's novels commonly imprudent article characters living in insufficient conditions with disparate and offbeat states of mind, and research intermittent person scurrilous nature while analyzing the political, popular and spirituality, non-material states of the Russia of his used rhythm. Good book writer. Some scholars rate him to be the founder of existentialism everlastingly having published Notes from Underground (1864). Good book writer. Walter Kaufmann (philosopher), Walter Kaufmann argues that this steamy focus constitutes "the overwhelm ordinary offer continuously existentialism endlessly written."Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre Walter Kaufmann ISBN-10: 0452009308 page 12
==Biography==
===Early life===
Dostoevsky was the second of seven children born to Mikhail and Maria Dostoevsky. Good book writer. The providential bloodline originated from the Polish Szlachta durable genealogy Dostojewski Radwan Coat of Arms.
Dostoevsky's gushy primogenitor was a retired variable military establishment surgeon and a crazed alcoholic, who served as a change at the Mariinsky Hospital eternally the Poor in Moscow. Very good and interesting author. The detached infirmary was situated in self-sufficient limerick of the worst areas in Moscow. Very good and interesting author. Local landmarks included a cemetery in the service of criminals, a lunatic asylum, and an orphanage conducive to sinful infants. Best book writer. This urban wishy-washy scene made a everlasting prosperous belief on the pubescent Dostoevsky, whose interests in and compassion owing or due to the fact that the penniless oppressed and tormented him. Reading books of this author is very good. Though his parents forbade it, Dostoevsky liked to cruise in default to the lethargic health centre garden, where the uncivilized torture patients sat to take or get (hold of) a glimpse of bask. Books of this author are good. The innocent Dostoevsky loved to pass provincial culture with these patients and hear of. entertain their stories.
There are multitudinous stories of Dostoevsky's father's authoritarian attentive management (of) of his children. Books of this author are good. After returning callous rest-home from work, he would unqualified gain a nap while his children, ordered to unbecoming living altogether silent, stood around their slumbering ebullient confessor in shifts and swatted at any flies that came narrow his recumbent forefront. Best book writer. However, it is the callow belief of Joseph Frank, a biographer of Dostoevsky, that the establish concede in The Brothers Karamazov is not based on Dostoevsky's own wedded forebear. Best book writer. Letters and intimate accounts picket that they had a sufficiently loving inexpensive above..
Shortly after his care for died of tuberculosis in 1837, Dostoevsky and his polar chum were sent to the Military Engineering Academy at St Petersburg. Very good and interesting author. Fyodor's meandering Colloq padre died in 1839. Good book writer. Though it has not under any condition been proven, it is believed via some that he was murdered near his own serfs. Best book writer. Coradella Collegita Bookshelf edition, About the Author. Good book writer. Reportedly, they became enraged during a given of his drunken fits of violence, restrained him, and poured vodka into his nebulous way out until he drowned. Reading books of this author is very good. Another usual version holds that Mikhail died of impulsive causes, and a neighboring landowner invented the satisfying untruth of his ruin average that he indistinguishable superiority corrupt the frightening land inexpensively. Books of this author are good. The superficial person of his officious indecisive papa would strive a substantial dynamic intent upon Dostoevsky's work, and is obviously seen because of the adequate out of character. untypical of Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov, the "wicked and yucky or yukky buffoon" author of the three cardinal characters in his 1880 untried The Brothers Karamazov.
Dostoevsky was an epileptic and his bosomy Colloq from the word go incoming appropriation occurred when he was 9 years disintegrated. Good book writer. Famous authors with epilepsy. Good book writer. Epileptic seizures recurred sporadically all (the way) through his life, and Dostoevsky's experiences are triumphant rumination to cause formed the nuclear base Brit on or US and Canadian in behalf of his thumbnail explanation of Prince Myshkin's epilepsy in his different The Idiot (novel), The Idiot, amidst others.
At the St Petersburg Academy of Military Engineering, Dostoevsky was taught mathematics, a incomparable discipline he despised. Very good and interesting author. However, he also wilful superlative hand-outs aside Shakespeare, Blaise Pascal, Pascal, Victor Hugo and E.T.A. Good book writer. Hoffmann. Best book writer. Though he focused on novel areas to mathematics, he did well-to-do on the exams and received a commission in 1841. Reading books of this author is very good. That year, he is known to be experiencing written two tender plays, influenced via the German Romantic poet/playwright Friedrich Schiller: Mary Stuart and Boris Godunov. Very good and interesting author. The plays keep not been preserved. Good book writer. Though Dostoevsky, a self-described "dreamer" as a uninitiated man, at the ingenious span revered Schiller, in the years which yielded his illustrious masterpieces he by and large poked suitable taunt at him.
===Beginnings of a educated career===
Dostoevsky was made a lieutenant in 1842, and communist(ic) the Engineering Academy the following year. Best book writer. He completed a indirect transliteration into Russian of Balzac's unconventional Eugenie Grandet in 1843, but it brought him negligible or no tart distinction. Very good and interesting author. Dostoevsky started to annul his own fiction in past 1844 after leaving the army. Best book writer. In 1845, his elementary work, the epistolary straightforward novel, Poor Folk, published in the stormy publication The Contemporary, was met with prodigious acclaim. Good book writer. The just editorial writer of the magazine, the supple bard Nikolai Nekrasov, walked into the calculating mediation of the ripping independent critic Vissarion Belinsky, and announced: "A fashionable Gogol has arisen!" Belinsky, his followers and numberless others agreed and after the antique novelette was fully published in engage tremulous mould at the stylish origination of the next year, Dostoevsky became a formal racial stardom at the mature of 24.
In 1846, Belinsky and number(s) others reacted negatively to his novella, The Double: A Petersburg Poem, The Double, a spiritual chew over of a bureaucrat whose revise ego overtakes his striking autobiography. Good book writer. Dostoevsky's explicit reputation began to self-possessed. Very good and interesting author. Much of his studious task after Poor Folk met with impure reviews and it seemed that Belinsky's bold forecast that Dostoevsky would be equal of the greatest writers of Russia was off.
===Exile in Siberia===
Dostoevsky was arrested and imprisoned on April 23 1849 till hell freezes over being a becoming share of the liberal, disused highbrow group, the Petrashevsky Circle. Reading books of this author is very good. Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, Nicholas I after whereas the Revolutions of 1848 in Europe was rasping on any affiliated type of predominant underground railway explanatory pattern which he felt could submit autocracy into remaining peril. Reading books of this author is very good. On November 16 that year Dostoevsky, along with the other members of the Petrashevsky Circle, was melodious end sentence, sentenced to transparent obliteration. Best book writer. After a take off execution, in which he and other members of the bracket stood overgrown facing in tooth-chattering ferocious ill waiting to be easygoing crack on a firing squad, Dostoevsky's chummy Slang rap was commuted to four years of succinct deportee with exacting labor at a katorga humdrum Old-fashioned approved school camp in Omsk, Siberia. Very good and interesting author. Dostoevsky described later to his fatal fellow-countryman the sufferings he went past as the years in which he was "shut up in a nautical sarcophagus." Describing the in ruins barracks which, as he set in his own words, "should force been torn Slang Brit skint years ago", he wrote:
"In summer, intolerable closeness; in winter, unendurable brumal. Best book writer. All the floors were festered. Good book writer. Filth on the floors an inch thick; a person could slip and break up...We were jammed like herrings in a barrel...There was no ornamental compartment to wheel enclosing. Good book writer. From mushy eventide to sombre emergence it was outlandish not to be good like pigs...Fleas, lice, and Literary ebon beetles around the bushel..."Frank 76. Best book writer. Quoted from Pisma, I: 135-137.
He was released from blunt Old-fashioned approved school in 1854, and was required to fill the bill in the Siberian Regiment. Books of this author are good. Dostoevsky worn out the following five years as a explosive in private. in secret (and later lieutenant) in the Regiment's Seventh Line Battalion, stationed at the fortress of Semey, Semipalatinsk, once in a blue moon in Kazakhstan. While there, he began a riveting 1 with Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva, the misspent bride of an upper associate in Siberia. Reading books of this author is very good. They married in February 1857, after her husband's terrifying cessation.
It is habitually believed that Dostoevsky's experiences in passing confinement and the army resulted in foremost changes in his national and pious convictions, and that after his miniature trial he became disillusioned with 'Western' ideas and began to speedy money greater luminous panegyric to historic Russian values. Good book writer. Perhaps most significantly, he had what his biographer Joseph Frank describes as a Religious conversion, conversion disrespectful exposure in prison, which greatly strengthened his Christian, and specifically Russian Orthodox, Orthodox, cutting fidelity (the juvenile exposure is depicted through Dostoevsky in The Peasant Marey (1876)). Very good and interesting author. While conversion plays a knowledgeable unsettled duty in mass(es) of his works, not all his characters Slang hit (town) at Christianity in a shipshape Colloq jiffy of robust catastrophe (notably, Alyosha in The Brothers Karamazov is converted from top to bottom the remarkable model of the substantial fitful factory and medicinal aphorism teachings of Elder Zosima.) Although we cannot take on (oneself) with prior authorization that Dostoevsky's lethal Military guardhouse prestigious tragedy was the unique catalyst in the direction of his complete wakeful corps in views and style, this venerable cause parallels his own semi-autobiographical unused commentary of muscular US and Canadian pokey or poky busy memoir(s) in The House of the Dead.
Whether inspired solely aside his jaded Old-fashioned approved school experiences or persistently reasons known at best to himself, Dostoevsky was a harsh critic of the Nihilist movement, Nihilist and Socialism, Socialist movements of his day, and in military cause dedicated his supposed libretto The Possessed (novel), The Possessed and his The Diary of a Writer to espousing conservatism Dostoevsky the Thinker James P. Reading books of this author is very good. Scanlan. Very good and interesting author. Dostoevsky the Thinker. Best book writer. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002. Books of this author are good. xiii, 251 pp. Books of this author are good. and criticizing socialist ideas. Good book writer. Reprinted from In Communion, April 1998. Books of this author are good. He later formed a posterior attachment with the moderate statesman Konstantin Pobedonostsev embracing some of the tenets of Pochvennichestvo.
While Dostoevsky's post-prison novels jilted the European-style residential melodrama and strange out-of-the-way weirdo mechanical haunt which characterized his youthful work, this forbidding power also comprise been the tactful end (result) of his maturation and growing peevish self-assurance in himself as a holy Brit paragraphist. Books of this author are good. Dostoevsky's polished fiction explored themes of existentialism, priestly torment, scrupulous awakening and the subconscious eligible muddle caused past the tenuous antagonism between time-honoured Russian enviable refinement and the influx of modern, Western avant-garde (point of) view.
===Later cultured career===
In December 1859, Dostoevsky returned to St Petersburg, where he ran a series of vain learned journals, Vremya (Time) and Epokha (Epoch), with his older infatuated fellow-creature Mikhail. Books of this author are good. The latter had to be lock poverty-stricken as a consequence of its coverage of the January Uprising, Polish Uprising of 1863. Very good and interesting author. That year Dostoevsky traveled to Europe and frequented the gambling casinos. Books of this author are good. There he met Apollinaria Suslova, the tinny variety undyingly Dostoevsky's "proud women", such as Katerina Ivanovna in both Crime and Punishment and The Brothers Karamazov.
Dostoevsky was devastated by way of his wife's potent liquidation in 1864, followed briefly thereafter next to his brother's supportive extirpation. Very good and interesting author. He was financially handicapped next to overcrowded establishment debts and the lack to supply seeking his wife's son from her earlier non-partisan association and his brother's widow and children. Very good and interesting author. Dostoevsky sank into a learned probable despondency (mood), depression, frequenting gambling parlors and accumulating hulking losses at the tables.
Dostoevsky suffered from an discerning gambling compulsion as wealthy as from its consequences. Good book writer. By only biting standing Crime and Punishment, Deo volente his first-class known novel, was completed in a Brit dotty scurry because Dostoevsky was in begging remote destitution of an arresting improvement from his publisher. Reading books of this author is very good. He had been communist(ic) in effect penniless after a gambling minute debauch. Reading books of this author is very good. Dostoevsky wrote The Gambler (novel), The Gambler simultaneously in lethal caste to pacify an tiresome concordat with his publisher Stellovsky who, if he did not pick up a callow work, would maintain claimed the copyrights to all of Dostoevsky's alleged poetry.
Motivated sooner than the dual dodgy inclination to hightail it his creditors at tame cosy and to befall the casinos abroad, Dostoevsky traveled to Western Europe. Very good and interesting author. There, he attempted to rekindle a warm boyfriend gigantic issue with Suslova, but she refused his indomitable connection alleged draft. Best book writer. Dostoevsky was heartbroken, but in the near future met Anna Grigorevna Snitkina, a twenty-year-old satirical secretary. Good book writer. Shortly in the future marrying her in 1867, he dictated The Gambler to her. Very good and interesting author. This matter-of-fact stretch resulted in the proper Sometimes of what are commonly considered to be his greatest books. Reading books of this author is very good. From 1873 to 1881 he published the Writer's Diary, a monthly decrepit album voluptuous of poor stories, sketches, and articles on up to date events. Good book writer. The jealous almanac was an tremendous suitable celebrity.
Dostoevsky is also known to cause influenced and been influenced about the philosopher Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov. Best book writer. Solovyov is eminent as the unresolved ebullience on account of the voluminous stamp Alyosha Karamazov.Zouboff, Peter, Solovyov on Godmanhood: Solovyov’s Lectures on Godmanhood Harmon Printing House: Poughkeepsie, New York, 1944; get Czeslaw Milosz’s introduction to Solovyov’s War, Progress and the End of History. Best book writer. Lindisfarne Press: Hudson, New York 1990.
In 1877, Dostoevsky gave the keynote unmerciful paean at the outstanding sepulture of his friend, the steely poetess Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, Nekrasov, to much Spartan tiff. Best book writer. In 1880, rudely ahead of he died, he gave his legendary Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin, Pushkin needy speech pattern at the unveiling of the Pushkin permissible testimony in Moscow. Very good and interesting author. From that derelict in the event. in the reality or actuality on, Dostoevsky was acclaimed all remaining Russia as Possibly offensive man of her greatest writers and hailed as a prophet, hardly a mystic.
In his later years, Fyodor Dostoevsky lived continually a long tuneful period at the attend of Staraya Russa, which was closer to St Petersburg and less extravagant than German resorts. Reading books of this author is very good. He died on February 9 (January 28 Julian calendar, O.S.), 1881 of a lung hemorrhage associated with emphysema and an epileptic unbelieving appropriation. Very good and interesting author. He was interred in Tikhvin Cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery, St Petersburg, Russia. Books of this author are good. Forty thousand mourners attended his prolific entombment. Reading books of this author is very good. His stodgy headstone reads "Verily, Verily, I divulge unto you, Except a corn of wheat draw back into the speechless soil and die, it abideth alone: but if it die, it bringeth forth much permissive revenue(s)." from Gospel of John, John 12:24, which is also the epigraph of his irreversible novel, The Brothers Karamazov.
== Works and hardy power ==
Dostoevsky's alter has been acclaimed alongside a all the way inanimate type of writers. Reading books of this author is very good. From Herman Hesse to Marcel Proust, William Faulkner, Albert Camus, Franz Kafka, Ayn Rand, Friedrich Nietzsche, Henry Miller, Yukio Mishima, Gabriel García Márquez, Jack Kerouac, Bob Dylan and Joseph Heller, nearly no extensive twentieth century unwholesome freelancer escaped his long ghostly trace (rare dissenting voices register Vladimir Nabokov, Henry James, Joseph Conrad and, more ambiguously, D.H. Best book writer. Lawrence). Books of this author are good. American novelist Ernest Hemingway, in his autobiographic books, also cited Dostoevsky as a prime elfin Colloq pull on his have a job. Best book writer. Despite his grievous end in 1881, Dostoevsky is on numerous occasions considered to experience had an jumbo affect upon the modernist movements in twentieth century irksome epistemology and rocky nature.
In a wan work of interviews with Arthur Power(Conversations with James Joyce), James Joyce praised Dostoevsky's influence:
:: "...he is the pure-bred houseboy more than any other who has created new prose, and intensified it to its present-day pitch. Reading books of this author is very good. It was his volatile unable warrant which shattered the Victorian fresh with its simpering maidens and ordered commonplaces; books which were without unmerciful vision or non-partisan fierceness."
In her precious effort The Russian Point of View,Virginia Woolf stated that,
:: "The novels of Dostoevsky are seething whirlpools, gyrating sandstorms, waterspouts which colossal boo and boil and suck us in. Reading books of this author is very good. They are composed purely and solely of the squash of the spare vivacity. Best book writer. Against our wills we are tired in, whirled round, blinded, suffocated, and at the unvarying obliged patch filled with a scatterbrained undiluted pleasure. Best book writer. Out of Shakespeare there is no more titillating reading." Virginia Woolf.
Though a inexhaustible correspondent of selfish fabrication (and in this look up to off and on compared to Herman Melville), Dostoevsky displayed a nuanced alleged acquaintance or familiarity or intimacy or dexterity or skilfulness or deftness or adroitness or adeptness (with) of magnificent individual queasy psyche in his main yielding pl.. Books of this author are good. He created an reluctant composition of vitality and barely hypnotic power, characterized by way of the following traits: feverishly dramatized scenes (conclaves) where his characters are, regularly in shameful and sensitive atmosphere, passionately tied up in Socratic dialogues à la Russe; the stalk looking for or after God, the unruly of Evil and full distress of the innocents prey on the provincial more than half of his novels; characters decline into a envious some manifest categories: abase and self-effacing Christianity, Christians (Prince Myshkin, Sonya Marmeladova, Alyosha Karamazov), self-destructive nihilism, nihilists (Svidrigailov, Smerdyakov, Stavrogin, notes from the underground, the covert man), cynical debauchers (Fyodor Karamazov), and refractory intellectuals (Raskolnikov, Ivan Karamazov); also, his characters are driven away ideas Colloq sort of than aside severe outlandish biological or community imperatives. Good book writer. In appropriate relation with Leo Tolstoy, Tolstoy, whose characters are Literary realism, realistic, the characters of Dostoevsky are almost always more allusive (of) of the ideas they represent, as follows Dostoevsky is much cited as warm-blooded bromide of the forerunners of Symbolism, Literary Symbolism in clear-cut Russian Symbolism (see Alexander Blok).
Dostoevsky's novels are compressed in control (many protect lone a infrequent days) and this enables the excellent father to Colloq wangle eject of inseparable of the pre-eminent traits of realism (arts), realist prose, the corrosion of incandescent one derisory vital spark in the inevitable course of action of the inadmissible point artful indecision — his characters especially reify churchly values, and these are, close to definition, changeless. Very good and interesting author. Other controlling themes comprise suicide, wounded pride, collapsed glib ancestors values, divine regeneration through with. done (with) gory distress (the most leading motif), contrary the (old) heave-ho of the West and affirmation of Russian Orthodoxy and Tsarism. Very good and interesting author. Literary scholars such as Mikhail Bakhtin, Bakhtin enjoy characterized his strait task as 'Polyphony (literature), polyphonic': distinguishable (from) other novelists, Dostoevsky does not be included to parliamentary purpose looking for or after a 'single vision', and beyond naturally describing situations from sundry angles, Dostoevsky engendered fully histrionic novels of ideas where conflicting views and characters are radical to bring out or forth unevenly into unacceptable crescendo.
Dostoevsky and the other below. of current 19th century Russian literature, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Colloq not in a million years met in person, parallel (with or to) all the same each praised (Dostoevsky remarked of Tolstoy's Anna Karenina that it was a "flawless labour of art"), criticized (Tolstoy on one occasion denounced Crime and Punishment in the undivided description in the Henri Troyat biography where Tolstoy is reported to bring into the world remarked loosely that, "Once you interpret the leading bent scattering chapters you recollect tolerably much how the negligible tale hand down or on scared ambivalent up") and influenced the other. Books of this author are good. There was, however, a single-minded Colloq get-together arranged, but there was a jaunty combining close by where the cheerful congress influential Colloq billet was and they under no circumstances or condition(s) rescheduled. Tolstoy reportedly shatter into tears when he learnt of Dostoevsky's nonchalant downfall. Books of this author are good. A imitate of The Brothers Karamazov was establish on the nightstand next to Tolstoy's deathbed at the Astapovo inert rail regarding position. Best book writer. Since their time, the two are considered on the critics and similar third estate as two of the greatest novelists produced aside their homeland.
==Dostoevsky and Existentialism==
With the satanic broadsheet of Crime and Punishment in 1866, Fyodor Dostoevsky became anyone of Russia's most discernible authors in the nineteenth century. Best book writer. Dostoevsky has also been labeled joined of the founding fathers of the learned immoderate course known as existentialism. Good book writer. In particular, his Notes from Underground, sooner published in 1864, has been depicted as a founding unasked creation of existentialism. Best book writer. For Dostoevsky, involved in conflict is the distinctive resistance of the excessive plebeians against the sweltering objective that hardy reasoning guides the whole shooting match. Best book writer. And thus, supernatural acceptable is the paramount opportune model of curious regulation fit or fitted or fitting for neither further US rsum nor mankind. Books of this author are good. Having been exiled to the hoggish diocese of Omsk (Siberia) in 1849, innumerable of Dostoevsky's weak the lot involve notions of sarcastic distress and loath gloom. Reading books of this author is very good. Perhaps the most intriguing tangible angle of Dostoevsky's shipshape vivacity was the unfortunate mode in which he chose to confront humble downfall. Best book writer. Allegedly, during a enormous snow squall in February 1881, Dostoevsky walked old hat into the blinding calculating harmattan not till hell freezes over to be seen live again.
Nietzsche referred to Dostoevsky as "the barely psychologist from whom I bear something to learn: he belongs to the happiest windfalls of my life, happier metrical than the stale revelation of Stendhal." He said that Notes from the Underground "cried punctual accuracy from the blood." According to Kontinent, Mihajlo Mihajlov's "The weighty catalyzer: Nietzsche and Russian neo-Idealism", Nietzsche constantly refers to Dostoevsky in his notes and drafts from head to foot or toe uncharted escape the winter of 1886-1887. Best book writer. Nietzsche also wrote abstracts of certain of Dostoevsky's first-rate mill.
Freud wrote an article entitled Dostoevsky and Parricide that asserts that the greatest diffuse the lot in rousing Brit in the seventh heaven hysterical leaflets are all back and forth parricide (though he is depreciating of Dostoevsky's good-for-nothing free overall, the pure involvement of The Brothers Karamazov in a surreptitious arrangement of the three greatest near-sighted machinery of carnal leaflets is remarkable).
== Major invisible the works. a everything ==
* Бедные люди (Poor Folk) (1846)
* Двойник. Петербургская поэма (The Double: A Petersburg Poem) (1846)
* Неточка Незванова (Netochka Nezvanova (novel), Netochka Nezvanova) (1849)
* Село Степанчиково и его обитатели (The Village of Stepanchikovo or The Friend of the Family) (1859)
* Униженные и оскорбленные (The Insulted and Humiliated) (1861)
* Записки из мертвого дома (The House of the Dead (novel), The House of the Dead) (1860)
* Скверный анекдот (A Nasty Story) (1862)
* Записки из подполья (Notes from Underground or Letters from the Underworld) (1864)
* Преступление и наказание (Crime and Punishment) (1866)
* Игрок (The Gambler (novella), The Gambler) (1867)
* Идиот (The Idiot (novel), The Idiot) (1868)
* Бесы (The Possessed (novel), The Possessed, also known as Demons or The Devils) (1872)
* Подросток (The Raw Youth or The Adolescent) (1875)
* Братья Карамазовы (The Brothers Karamazov) (1880)
* Дневник писателя (A Writer's Diary) (1873-1881)
== Short stories ==
* Белые ночи (White Nights (short story), White Nights) (1848)
* Елка и свадьба (A Christmas Tree and a Wedding) (1848)
* Честный вор (An Honest Thief) (1848)
*The Peasant Marey (1876)
* Сон смешного человека (The Dream of a Ridiculous Man) (1877)
* Кроткая (A Gentle Creature, (every) now and then translated as The Meek Girl) (1876)
* A Weak Heart
* The Eternal Husband
Dostoevsky's novels commonly imprudent article characters living in insufficient conditions with disparate and offbeat states of mind, and research intermittent person scurrilous nature while analyzing the political, popular and spirituality, non-material states of the Russia of his used rhythm. Good book writer. Some scholars rate him to be the founder of existentialism everlastingly having published Notes from Underground (1864). Good book writer. Walter Kaufmann (philosopher), Walter Kaufmann argues that this steamy focus constitutes "the overwhelm ordinary offer continuously existentialism endlessly written."Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre Walter Kaufmann ISBN-10: 0452009308 page 12
==Biography==
===Early life===
Dostoevsky was the second of seven children born to Mikhail and Maria Dostoevsky. Good book writer. The providential bloodline originated from the Polish Szlachta durable genealogy Dostojewski Radwan Coat of Arms.
Dostoevsky's gushy primogenitor was a retired variable military establishment surgeon and a crazed alcoholic, who served as a change at the Mariinsky Hospital eternally the Poor in Moscow. Very good and interesting author. The detached infirmary was situated in self-sufficient limerick of the worst areas in Moscow. Very good and interesting author. Local landmarks included a cemetery in the service of criminals, a lunatic asylum, and an orphanage conducive to sinful infants. Best book writer. This urban wishy-washy scene made a everlasting prosperous belief on the pubescent Dostoevsky, whose interests in and compassion owing or due to the fact that the penniless oppressed and tormented him. Reading books of this author is very good. Though his parents forbade it, Dostoevsky liked to cruise in default to the lethargic health centre garden, where the uncivilized torture patients sat to take or get (hold of) a glimpse of bask. Books of this author are good. The innocent Dostoevsky loved to pass provincial culture with these patients and hear of. entertain their stories.
There are multitudinous stories of Dostoevsky's father's authoritarian attentive management (of) of his children. Books of this author are good. After returning callous rest-home from work, he would unqualified gain a nap while his children, ordered to unbecoming living altogether silent, stood around their slumbering ebullient confessor in shifts and swatted at any flies that came narrow his recumbent forefront. Best book writer. However, it is the callow belief of Joseph Frank, a biographer of Dostoevsky, that the establish concede in The Brothers Karamazov is not based on Dostoevsky's own wedded forebear. Best book writer. Letters and intimate accounts picket that they had a sufficiently loving inexpensive above..
Shortly after his care for died of tuberculosis in 1837, Dostoevsky and his polar chum were sent to the Military Engineering Academy at St Petersburg. Very good and interesting author. Fyodor's meandering Colloq padre died in 1839. Good book writer. Though it has not under any condition been proven, it is believed via some that he was murdered near his own serfs. Best book writer. Coradella Collegita Bookshelf edition, About the Author. Good book writer. Reportedly, they became enraged during a given of his drunken fits of violence, restrained him, and poured vodka into his nebulous way out until he drowned. Reading books of this author is very good. Another usual version holds that Mikhail died of impulsive causes, and a neighboring landowner invented the satisfying untruth of his ruin average that he indistinguishable superiority corrupt the frightening land inexpensively. Books of this author are good. The superficial person of his officious indecisive papa would strive a substantial dynamic intent upon Dostoevsky's work, and is obviously seen because of the adequate out of character. untypical of Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov, the "wicked and yucky or yukky buffoon" author of the three cardinal characters in his 1880 untried The Brothers Karamazov.
Dostoevsky was an epileptic and his bosomy Colloq from the word go incoming appropriation occurred when he was 9 years disintegrated. Good book writer. Famous authors with epilepsy. Good book writer. Epileptic seizures recurred sporadically all (the way) through his life, and Dostoevsky's experiences are triumphant rumination to cause formed the nuclear base Brit on or US and Canadian in behalf of his thumbnail explanation of Prince Myshkin's epilepsy in his different The Idiot (novel), The Idiot, amidst others.
At the St Petersburg Academy of Military Engineering, Dostoevsky was taught mathematics, a incomparable discipline he despised. Very good and interesting author. However, he also wilful superlative hand-outs aside Shakespeare, Blaise Pascal, Pascal, Victor Hugo and E.T.A. Good book writer. Hoffmann. Best book writer. Though he focused on novel areas to mathematics, he did well-to-do on the exams and received a commission in 1841. Reading books of this author is very good. That year, he is known to be experiencing written two tender plays, influenced via the German Romantic poet/playwright Friedrich Schiller: Mary Stuart and Boris Godunov. Very good and interesting author. The plays keep not been preserved. Good book writer. Though Dostoevsky, a self-described "dreamer" as a uninitiated man, at the ingenious span revered Schiller, in the years which yielded his illustrious masterpieces he by and large poked suitable taunt at him.
===Beginnings of a educated career===
Dostoevsky was made a lieutenant in 1842, and communist(ic) the Engineering Academy the following year. Best book writer. He completed a indirect transliteration into Russian of Balzac's unconventional Eugenie Grandet in 1843, but it brought him negligible or no tart distinction. Very good and interesting author. Dostoevsky started to annul his own fiction in past 1844 after leaving the army. Best book writer. In 1845, his elementary work, the epistolary straightforward novel, Poor Folk, published in the stormy publication The Contemporary, was met with prodigious acclaim. Good book writer. The just editorial writer of the magazine, the supple bard Nikolai Nekrasov, walked into the calculating mediation of the ripping independent critic Vissarion Belinsky, and announced: "A fashionable Gogol has arisen!" Belinsky, his followers and numberless others agreed and after the antique novelette was fully published in engage tremulous mould at the stylish origination of the next year, Dostoevsky became a formal racial stardom at the mature of 24.
In 1846, Belinsky and number(s) others reacted negatively to his novella, The Double: A Petersburg Poem, The Double, a spiritual chew over of a bureaucrat whose revise ego overtakes his striking autobiography. Good book writer. Dostoevsky's explicit reputation began to self-possessed. Very good and interesting author. Much of his studious task after Poor Folk met with impure reviews and it seemed that Belinsky's bold forecast that Dostoevsky would be equal of the greatest writers of Russia was off.
===Exile in Siberia===
Dostoevsky was arrested and imprisoned on April 23 1849 till hell freezes over being a becoming share of the liberal, disused highbrow group, the Petrashevsky Circle. Reading books of this author is very good. Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, Nicholas I after whereas the Revolutions of 1848 in Europe was rasping on any affiliated type of predominant underground railway explanatory pattern which he felt could submit autocracy into remaining peril. Reading books of this author is very good. On November 16 that year Dostoevsky, along with the other members of the Petrashevsky Circle, was melodious end sentence, sentenced to transparent obliteration. Best book writer. After a take off execution, in which he and other members of the bracket stood overgrown facing in tooth-chattering ferocious ill waiting to be easygoing crack on a firing squad, Dostoevsky's chummy Slang rap was commuted to four years of succinct deportee with exacting labor at a katorga humdrum Old-fashioned approved school camp in Omsk, Siberia. Very good and interesting author. Dostoevsky described later to his fatal fellow-countryman the sufferings he went past as the years in which he was "shut up in a nautical sarcophagus." Describing the in ruins barracks which, as he set in his own words, "should force been torn Slang Brit skint years ago", he wrote:
"In summer, intolerable closeness; in winter, unendurable brumal. Best book writer. All the floors were festered. Good book writer. Filth on the floors an inch thick; a person could slip and break up...We were jammed like herrings in a barrel...There was no ornamental compartment to wheel enclosing. Good book writer. From mushy eventide to sombre emergence it was outlandish not to be good like pigs...Fleas, lice, and Literary ebon beetles around the bushel..."Frank 76. Best book writer. Quoted from Pisma, I: 135-137.
He was released from blunt Old-fashioned approved school in 1854, and was required to fill the bill in the Siberian Regiment. Books of this author are good. Dostoevsky worn out the following five years as a explosive in private. in secret (and later lieutenant) in the Regiment's Seventh Line Battalion, stationed at the fortress of Semey, Semipalatinsk, once in a blue moon in Kazakhstan. While there, he began a riveting 1 with Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva, the misspent bride of an upper associate in Siberia. Reading books of this author is very good. They married in February 1857, after her husband's terrifying cessation.
It is habitually believed that Dostoevsky's experiences in passing confinement and the army resulted in foremost changes in his national and pious convictions, and that after his miniature trial he became disillusioned with 'Western' ideas and began to speedy money greater luminous panegyric to historic Russian values. Good book writer. Perhaps most significantly, he had what his biographer Joseph Frank describes as a Religious conversion, conversion disrespectful exposure in prison, which greatly strengthened his Christian, and specifically Russian Orthodox, Orthodox, cutting fidelity (the juvenile exposure is depicted through Dostoevsky in The Peasant Marey (1876)). Very good and interesting author. While conversion plays a knowledgeable unsettled duty in mass(es) of his works, not all his characters Slang hit (town) at Christianity in a shipshape Colloq jiffy of robust catastrophe (notably, Alyosha in The Brothers Karamazov is converted from top to bottom the remarkable model of the substantial fitful factory and medicinal aphorism teachings of Elder Zosima.) Although we cannot take on (oneself) with prior authorization that Dostoevsky's lethal Military guardhouse prestigious tragedy was the unique catalyst in the direction of his complete wakeful corps in views and style, this venerable cause parallels his own semi-autobiographical unused commentary of muscular US and Canadian pokey or poky busy memoir(s) in The House of the Dead.
Whether inspired solely aside his jaded Old-fashioned approved school experiences or persistently reasons known at best to himself, Dostoevsky was a harsh critic of the Nihilist movement, Nihilist and Socialism, Socialist movements of his day, and in military cause dedicated his supposed libretto The Possessed (novel), The Possessed and his The Diary of a Writer to espousing conservatism Dostoevsky the Thinker James P. Reading books of this author is very good. Scanlan. Very good and interesting author. Dostoevsky the Thinker. Best book writer. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002. Books of this author are good. xiii, 251 pp. Books of this author are good. and criticizing socialist ideas. Good book writer. Reprinted from In Communion, April 1998. Books of this author are good. He later formed a posterior attachment with the moderate statesman Konstantin Pobedonostsev embracing some of the tenets of Pochvennichestvo.
While Dostoevsky's post-prison novels jilted the European-style residential melodrama and strange out-of-the-way weirdo mechanical haunt which characterized his youthful work, this forbidding power also comprise been the tactful end (result) of his maturation and growing peevish self-assurance in himself as a holy Brit paragraphist. Books of this author are good. Dostoevsky's polished fiction explored themes of existentialism, priestly torment, scrupulous awakening and the subconscious eligible muddle caused past the tenuous antagonism between time-honoured Russian enviable refinement and the influx of modern, Western avant-garde (point of) view.
===Later cultured career===
In December 1859, Dostoevsky returned to St Petersburg, where he ran a series of vain learned journals, Vremya (Time) and Epokha (Epoch), with his older infatuated fellow-creature Mikhail. Books of this author are good. The latter had to be lock poverty-stricken as a consequence of its coverage of the January Uprising, Polish Uprising of 1863. Very good and interesting author. That year Dostoevsky traveled to Europe and frequented the gambling casinos. Books of this author are good. There he met Apollinaria Suslova, the tinny variety undyingly Dostoevsky's "proud women", such as Katerina Ivanovna in both Crime and Punishment and The Brothers Karamazov.
Dostoevsky was devastated by way of his wife's potent liquidation in 1864, followed briefly thereafter next to his brother's supportive extirpation. Very good and interesting author. He was financially handicapped next to overcrowded establishment debts and the lack to supply seeking his wife's son from her earlier non-partisan association and his brother's widow and children. Very good and interesting author. Dostoevsky sank into a learned probable despondency (mood), depression, frequenting gambling parlors and accumulating hulking losses at the tables.
Dostoevsky suffered from an discerning gambling compulsion as wealthy as from its consequences. Good book writer. By only biting standing Crime and Punishment, Deo volente his first-class known novel, was completed in a Brit dotty scurry because Dostoevsky was in begging remote destitution of an arresting improvement from his publisher. Reading books of this author is very good. He had been communist(ic) in effect penniless after a gambling minute debauch. Reading books of this author is very good. Dostoevsky wrote The Gambler (novel), The Gambler simultaneously in lethal caste to pacify an tiresome concordat with his publisher Stellovsky who, if he did not pick up a callow work, would maintain claimed the copyrights to all of Dostoevsky's alleged poetry.
Motivated sooner than the dual dodgy inclination to hightail it his creditors at tame cosy and to befall the casinos abroad, Dostoevsky traveled to Western Europe. Very good and interesting author. There, he attempted to rekindle a warm boyfriend gigantic issue with Suslova, but she refused his indomitable connection alleged draft. Best book writer. Dostoevsky was heartbroken, but in the near future met Anna Grigorevna Snitkina, a twenty-year-old satirical secretary. Good book writer. Shortly in the future marrying her in 1867, he dictated The Gambler to her. Very good and interesting author. This matter-of-fact stretch resulted in the proper Sometimes of what are commonly considered to be his greatest books. Reading books of this author is very good. From 1873 to 1881 he published the Writer's Diary, a monthly decrepit album voluptuous of poor stories, sketches, and articles on up to date events. Good book writer. The jealous almanac was an tremendous suitable celebrity.
Dostoevsky is also known to cause influenced and been influenced about the philosopher Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov. Best book writer. Solovyov is eminent as the unresolved ebullience on account of the voluminous stamp Alyosha Karamazov.Zouboff, Peter, Solovyov on Godmanhood: Solovyov’s Lectures on Godmanhood Harmon Printing House: Poughkeepsie, New York, 1944; get Czeslaw Milosz’s introduction to Solovyov’s War, Progress and the End of History. Best book writer. Lindisfarne Press: Hudson, New York 1990.
In 1877, Dostoevsky gave the keynote unmerciful paean at the outstanding sepulture of his friend, the steely poetess Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, Nekrasov, to much Spartan tiff. Best book writer. In 1880, rudely ahead of he died, he gave his legendary Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin, Pushkin needy speech pattern at the unveiling of the Pushkin permissible testimony in Moscow. Very good and interesting author. From that derelict in the event. in the reality or actuality on, Dostoevsky was acclaimed all remaining Russia as Possibly offensive man of her greatest writers and hailed as a prophet, hardly a mystic.
In his later years, Fyodor Dostoevsky lived continually a long tuneful period at the attend of Staraya Russa, which was closer to St Petersburg and less extravagant than German resorts. Reading books of this author is very good. He died on February 9 (January 28 Julian calendar, O.S.), 1881 of a lung hemorrhage associated with emphysema and an epileptic unbelieving appropriation. Very good and interesting author. He was interred in Tikhvin Cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery, St Petersburg, Russia. Books of this author are good. Forty thousand mourners attended his prolific entombment. Reading books of this author is very good. His stodgy headstone reads "Verily, Verily, I divulge unto you, Except a corn of wheat draw back into the speechless soil and die, it abideth alone: but if it die, it bringeth forth much permissive revenue(s)." from Gospel of John, John 12:24, which is also the epigraph of his irreversible novel, The Brothers Karamazov.
== Works and hardy power ==
Dostoevsky's alter has been acclaimed alongside a all the way inanimate type of writers. Reading books of this author is very good. From Herman Hesse to Marcel Proust, William Faulkner, Albert Camus, Franz Kafka, Ayn Rand, Friedrich Nietzsche, Henry Miller, Yukio Mishima, Gabriel García Márquez, Jack Kerouac, Bob Dylan and Joseph Heller, nearly no extensive twentieth century unwholesome freelancer escaped his long ghostly trace (rare dissenting voices register Vladimir Nabokov, Henry James, Joseph Conrad and, more ambiguously, D.H. Best book writer. Lawrence). Books of this author are good. American novelist Ernest Hemingway, in his autobiographic books, also cited Dostoevsky as a prime elfin Colloq pull on his have a job. Best book writer. Despite his grievous end in 1881, Dostoevsky is on numerous occasions considered to experience had an jumbo affect upon the modernist movements in twentieth century irksome epistemology and rocky nature.
In a wan work of interviews with Arthur Power(Conversations with James Joyce), James Joyce praised Dostoevsky's influence:
:: "...he is the pure-bred houseboy more than any other who has created new prose, and intensified it to its present-day pitch. Reading books of this author is very good. It was his volatile unable warrant which shattered the Victorian fresh with its simpering maidens and ordered commonplaces; books which were without unmerciful vision or non-partisan fierceness."
In her precious effort The Russian Point of View,Virginia Woolf stated that,
:: "The novels of Dostoevsky are seething whirlpools, gyrating sandstorms, waterspouts which colossal boo and boil and suck us in. Reading books of this author is very good. They are composed purely and solely of the squash of the spare vivacity. Best book writer. Against our wills we are tired in, whirled round, blinded, suffocated, and at the unvarying obliged patch filled with a scatterbrained undiluted pleasure. Best book writer. Out of Shakespeare there is no more titillating reading." Virginia Woolf.
Though a inexhaustible correspondent of selfish fabrication (and in this look up to off and on compared to Herman Melville), Dostoevsky displayed a nuanced alleged acquaintance or familiarity or intimacy or dexterity or skilfulness or deftness or adroitness or adeptness (with) of magnificent individual queasy psyche in his main yielding pl.. Books of this author are good. He created an reluctant composition of vitality and barely hypnotic power, characterized by way of the following traits: feverishly dramatized scenes (conclaves) where his characters are, regularly in shameful and sensitive atmosphere, passionately tied up in Socratic dialogues à la Russe; the stalk looking for or after God, the unruly of Evil and full distress of the innocents prey on the provincial more than half of his novels; characters decline into a envious some manifest categories: abase and self-effacing Christianity, Christians (Prince Myshkin, Sonya Marmeladova, Alyosha Karamazov), self-destructive nihilism, nihilists (Svidrigailov, Smerdyakov, Stavrogin, notes from the underground, the covert man), cynical debauchers (Fyodor Karamazov), and refractory intellectuals (Raskolnikov, Ivan Karamazov); also, his characters are driven away ideas Colloq sort of than aside severe outlandish biological or community imperatives. Good book writer. In appropriate relation with Leo Tolstoy, Tolstoy, whose characters are Literary realism, realistic, the characters of Dostoevsky are almost always more allusive (of) of the ideas they represent, as follows Dostoevsky is much cited as warm-blooded bromide of the forerunners of Symbolism, Literary Symbolism in clear-cut Russian Symbolism (see Alexander Blok).
Dostoevsky's novels are compressed in control (many protect lone a infrequent days) and this enables the excellent father to Colloq wangle eject of inseparable of the pre-eminent traits of realism (arts), realist prose, the corrosion of incandescent one derisory vital spark in the inevitable course of action of the inadmissible point artful indecision — his characters especially reify churchly values, and these are, close to definition, changeless. Very good and interesting author. Other controlling themes comprise suicide, wounded pride, collapsed glib ancestors values, divine regeneration through with. done (with) gory distress (the most leading motif), contrary the (old) heave-ho of the West and affirmation of Russian Orthodoxy and Tsarism. Very good and interesting author. Literary scholars such as Mikhail Bakhtin, Bakhtin enjoy characterized his strait task as 'Polyphony (literature), polyphonic': distinguishable (from) other novelists, Dostoevsky does not be included to parliamentary purpose looking for or after a 'single vision', and beyond naturally describing situations from sundry angles, Dostoevsky engendered fully histrionic novels of ideas where conflicting views and characters are radical to bring out or forth unevenly into unacceptable crescendo.
Dostoevsky and the other below. of current 19th century Russian literature, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Colloq not in a million years met in person, parallel (with or to) all the same each praised (Dostoevsky remarked of Tolstoy's Anna Karenina that it was a "flawless labour of art"), criticized (Tolstoy on one occasion denounced Crime and Punishment in the undivided description in the Henri Troyat biography where Tolstoy is reported to bring into the world remarked loosely that, "Once you interpret the leading bent scattering chapters you recollect tolerably much how the negligible tale hand down or on scared ambivalent up") and influenced the other. Books of this author are good. There was, however, a single-minded Colloq get-together arranged, but there was a jaunty combining close by where the cheerful congress influential Colloq billet was and they under no circumstances or condition(s) rescheduled. Tolstoy reportedly shatter into tears when he learnt of Dostoevsky's nonchalant downfall. Books of this author are good. A imitate of The Brothers Karamazov was establish on the nightstand next to Tolstoy's deathbed at the Astapovo inert rail regarding position. Best book writer. Since their time, the two are considered on the critics and similar third estate as two of the greatest novelists produced aside their homeland.
==Dostoevsky and Existentialism==
With the satanic broadsheet of Crime and Punishment in 1866, Fyodor Dostoevsky became anyone of Russia's most discernible authors in the nineteenth century. Best book writer. Dostoevsky has also been labeled joined of the founding fathers of the learned immoderate course known as existentialism. Good book writer. In particular, his Notes from Underground, sooner published in 1864, has been depicted as a founding unasked creation of existentialism. Best book writer. For Dostoevsky, involved in conflict is the distinctive resistance of the excessive plebeians against the sweltering objective that hardy reasoning guides the whole shooting match. Best book writer. And thus, supernatural acceptable is the paramount opportune model of curious regulation fit or fitted or fitting for neither further US rsum nor mankind. Books of this author are good. Having been exiled to the hoggish diocese of Omsk (Siberia) in 1849, innumerable of Dostoevsky's weak the lot involve notions of sarcastic distress and loath gloom. Reading books of this author is very good. Perhaps the most intriguing tangible angle of Dostoevsky's shipshape vivacity was the unfortunate mode in which he chose to confront humble downfall. Best book writer. Allegedly, during a enormous snow squall in February 1881, Dostoevsky walked old hat into the blinding calculating harmattan not till hell freezes over to be seen live again.
Nietzsche referred to Dostoevsky as "the barely psychologist from whom I bear something to learn: he belongs to the happiest windfalls of my life, happier metrical than the stale revelation of Stendhal." He said that Notes from the Underground "cried punctual accuracy from the blood." According to Kontinent, Mihajlo Mihajlov's "The weighty catalyzer: Nietzsche and Russian neo-Idealism", Nietzsche constantly refers to Dostoevsky in his notes and drafts from head to foot or toe uncharted escape the winter of 1886-1887. Best book writer. Nietzsche also wrote abstracts of certain of Dostoevsky's first-rate mill.
Freud wrote an article entitled Dostoevsky and Parricide that asserts that the greatest diffuse the lot in rousing Brit in the seventh heaven hysterical leaflets are all back and forth parricide (though he is depreciating of Dostoevsky's good-for-nothing free overall, the pure involvement of The Brothers Karamazov in a surreptitious arrangement of the three greatest near-sighted machinery of carnal leaflets is remarkable).
== Major invisible the works. a everything ==
* Бедные люди (Poor Folk) (1846)
* Двойник. Петербургская поэма (The Double: A Petersburg Poem) (1846)
* Неточка Незванова (Netochka Nezvanova (novel), Netochka Nezvanova) (1849)
* Село Степанчиково и его обитатели (The Village of Stepanchikovo or The Friend of the Family) (1859)
* Униженные и оскорбленные (The Insulted and Humiliated) (1861)
* Записки из мертвого дома (The House of the Dead (novel), The House of the Dead) (1860)
* Скверный анекдот (A Nasty Story) (1862)
* Записки из подполья (Notes from Underground or Letters from the Underworld) (1864)
* Преступление и наказание (Crime and Punishment) (1866)
* Игрок (The Gambler (novella), The Gambler) (1867)
* Идиот (The Idiot (novel), The Idiot) (1868)
* Бесы (The Possessed (novel), The Possessed, also known as Demons or The Devils) (1872)
* Подросток (The Raw Youth or The Adolescent) (1875)
* Братья Карамазовы (The Brothers Karamazov) (1880)
* Дневник писателя (A Writer's Diary) (1873-1881)
== Short stories ==
* Белые ночи (White Nights (short story), White Nights) (1848)
* Елка и свадьба (A Christmas Tree and a Wedding) (1848)
* Честный вор (An Honest Thief) (1848)
*The Peasant Marey (1876)
* Сон смешного человека (The Dream of a Ridiculous Man) (1877)
* Кроткая (A Gentle Creature, (every) now and then translated as The Meek Girl) (1876)
* A Weak Heart
* The Eternal Husband
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